Veterinary Clinical Reference
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Evergreen, evidence-based hubs on the drugs, conditions, and species you manage — continuously updated and cited at every claim.
Ornamental Fish Skin Scrapes and Gill Biopsies: Sampling and Interpretation
A practical DVM workflow for selecting fish, collecting fresh skin mucus and gill tissue, reading wet mounts, and integrating findings with water quality and lesion distribution.
Read →Reptile Septicemia: Diagnosis, Sampling, and Treatment
A clinician-focused workflow for suspected reptile septicemia: stabilize the patient, localize the source, collect representative samples, interpret bacterial growth in context, select therapy through susceptibility and stewardship, and correct husbandry and immune stressors.
Read →Pet Rodent Respiratory Disease: Diagnostic Workup and Sampling
A presentation-first framework for stabilizing and localizing respiratory disease in pet mice, rats, hamsters, and gerbils, then selecting imaging and samples without treating a radiographic pattern as an etiologic diagnosis.
Read →Ferret Splenomegaly: Diagnostic Workup and When to Sample
A clinician-focused approach to the enlarged ferret spleen: distinguish an incidental smooth enlargement from systemic or focal disease, stage the patient, choose imaging and sampling deliberately, and avoid automatic splenectomy.
Read →Chinchilla Heart Murmurs: Echocardiography and Diagnostic Workup
A presentation-first workflow for chinchilla heart murmurs: grade the finding, separate compensated from unstable patients, choose thoracic imaging and echocardiography deliberately, and interpret measurements within the limits of small clinical cohorts.
Read →Avian Pododermatitis: Diagnosis, Staging, and Management
A clinician-focused approach to avian pododermatitis: define lesion depth, investigate loading and systemic drivers, use imaging and microbiology selectively, off-load the foot, and reassess healing rather than treating the surface alone.
Read →Avian Crop Stasis: Diagnostic Workup and Treatment Planning
A clinician-focused approach to the bird with delayed crop emptying: stabilize first, confirm the anatomic problem, separate primary crop disease from systemic causes, and tailor nutrition and treatment to the findings.
Read →Motile Aeromonas Septicemia in Ornamental Fish: Diagnosis and Treatment
A clinical framework for hemorrhagic septicemia and ulcerative disease associated with motile Aeromonas in ornamental fish, emphasizing tissue culture, molecular identification, susceptibility testing, and correction of system stressors.
Read →Exotic Companion Mammal Lower Urinary Tract Disease: Diagnostic Workup
A presentation-first diagnostic framework for dysuria, stranguria, hematuria, urine scald, and suspected obstruction in exotic companion mammals, with species-specific imaging and sampling priorities.
Read →Avian Coelomic Distension: Imaging, Fluid Analysis, and Differential Diagnosis
Stabilize respiratory compromise, confirm the cause of an enlarged coelom, and distinguish free fluid from reproductive material, organ enlargement, a mass, hernia, fat, or gastrointestinal distension.
Read →Lymphocystis Disease in Ornamental Fish: Diagnosis and Collection Management
A clinician-focused guide to lymphocystis in ornamental fish: recognize the characteristic nodular presentation, preserve broad differentials, select histopathology and molecular tests deliberately, and manage the collection without promising a universal course or antiviral cure.
Read →Chinchilla Respiratory Disease: Diagnostic Workup and Treatment Planning
A clinician-first framework for chinchillas with nasal discharge, respiratory noise, tachypnea, or increased effort: stabilize before restraint, localize the syndrome, use thoracic and skull imaging deliberately, obtain interpretable samples, and separate organism detection from proof of causation.
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