Veterinary Clinical Reference
Look up any drug or condition.
Evergreen, evidence-based hubs on the drugs, conditions, and species you manage — continuously updated and cited at every claim.
Metaldehyde Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats: Diagnosis and Treatment
A clinical reference for metaldehyde molluscicide exposure in dogs and cats, covering recognition, decontamination, tremor and seizure control, monitoring, ILE limitations, prognosis, and emerging extracorporeal evidence.
Read →Cholecalciferol rodenticide toxicosis in dogs and cats: dose calculation, monitoring, and treatment
A GP-facing clinical hub for vitamin D3 bait ingestion in dogs and cats: how to convert a 0.075% bait to a mg/kg dose at the desk, the 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg decision thresholds, why hypercalcaemia is delayed and prolonged, decontamination and recheck intervals out to 72-96 hours, calcium-lowering agents with sourced doses, and how cholecalciferol differs from bromethalin and anticoagulant baits when the class is unknown.
Read →Bromethalin toxicosis in dogs and cats: dose calculation, decontamination and prognosis
No antidote, no antemortem test that returns in time, and a latency that makes an asymptomatic patient unreassuring. Convert bait grams to mg/kg of bromethalin, decontaminate from 0.1 mg/kg in dogs and 0.05 mg/kg in cats, and repeat the charcoal.
Read →Battery ingestion in dogs and cats: emergency triage, removal and monitoring
Battery ingestion is two different emergencies and the radiograph decides which. A disc/button cell lodged in the oesophagus is an electrolytic burn that begins within minutes — canine experimental data show necrosis reaching the inner muscular layer at 15 minutes, and the trachea by one hour — and demands immediate endoscopic removal. A chewed cylindrical alkaline cell is a caustic-plus-foreign-body problem on a slower clock, where ulceration appears at 1-2 hours but the full extent of injury can take 24 hours. Covers first-two-minute triage, the injury mechanisms that separate the two cell types, what not to do (emesis, activated charcoal, oral acid), the radiographic double-rim and step-off signs, oesophageal versus gastric management, and how long to watch for delayed perforation and stricture.
Read →Salt Toxicosis and Hypernatraemia in Dogs: A Clinical Reference
Salt toxicosis kills through correction, not concentration. Exposure sources, the sodium thresholds that matter, free water deficit, and the maximum safe correction rate for acute versus chronic hypernatraemia in dogs.
Read →Essential Oil Toxicosis in Cats: Susceptibility, Signs, and Treatment
A clinical reference on feline essential oil toxicosis: why deficient hepatic glucuronidation makes cats uniquely susceptible to phenols and terpenes, the higher-risk oils and product forms, route-specific signs, decontamination (why emesis is contraindicated), supportive care, and prognosis.
Read →Lead Toxicosis in Dogs: Diagnosis and Chelation Therapy
An ER/toxicology reference for lead poisoning in dogs (cats noted): sources, the combined GI-neurologic presentation, basophilic stippling and nRBCs, whole-blood lead thresholds, radiography, and the stabilize-remove GI lead-chelate sequence with exact CaEDTA, succimer, and D-penicillamine doses.
Read →Zinc Toxicosis in Dogs: Sources, Hemolysis, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Canine zinc toxicosis causes intravascular hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, and multi-organ injury, usually from a swallowed post-1982 penny or galvanized metal. A clinical reference on zinc sources, the royal-blue-top tube pitfall, source removal, and the chelation debate.
Read →Mushroom Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats: Amatoxin, Syndromic Triage, and Emergency Treatment
A clinician's guide to mushroom toxicosis in dogs and cats, leading with lethal amatoxin (Amanita) hepatotoxicosis and its deceptive biphasic course, then the full syndromic classification, time-of-onset triage, decontamination, and exact drug doses for each mushroom group.
Read →Cane Toad (Bufo) Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats: Emergency Management
Emergency reference for bufonid toad toxicosis in dogs and cats. Bufadienolides inhibit Na+/K+-ATPase like digoxin while biogenic amines drive hypersalivation and hyperadrenergic signs; immediate oral lavage (never emesis), benzodiazepine seizure control, and rhythm-directed cardiac management anchor treatment, and Rhinella marina is the most toxic species.
Read →Ibuprofen and Human-NSAID Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats
Ibuprofen and other human NSAIDs are among the most common OTC poisonings in dogs and cats. This clinical hub gives the verbatim mg/kg dose bands, the toxicokinetics behind repeat-dose charcoal, and an ER management plan: decontamination, 48-72h fluid diuresis, and layered GI protection - with no antidote and cats twice as sensitive as dogs.
Read →Methylxanthine (Chocolate & Caffeine) Toxicosis in Dogs
ER reference for canine methylxanthine (chocolate/caffeine) toxicosis: theobromine/caffeine MOA and kinetics, mg/kg dose thresholds, chocolate-type ranking, decontamination, and symptomatic management of tachyarrhythmia, seizures, and hyperthermia.
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