Veterinary Clinical Reference
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Evergreen, evidence-based hubs on the drugs, conditions, and species you manage — continuously updated and cited at every claim.
Chelonian Shell Fractures: Triage, Imaging, and Repair
A clinician-focused approach to traumatic shell fractures in turtles and tortoises, covering whole-patient stabilization, wound assessment, imaging, staged management, fixation choices, husbandry, and follow-up.
Read →Psittacine Cloacal Prolapse: Workup and Surgical Management
A clinician-first workflow for prolapsed tissue at the psittacine vent: stabilize the bird, protect and identify the tissue, investigate the driver of tenesmus, select temporary or definitive repair, and address recurrence without overgeneralizing the adult-cockatoo behavioral phenotype.
Read →Degu Dental Disease: Diagnosis, Imaging, and Treatment Planning
A clinician-first workflow for degu dental disease: distinguish coronal from apical pathology, obtain diagnostic skull imaging, assess secondary soft-tissue and systemic effects, and plan treatment without converting rescue-center, submission-series, or experimental-diet findings into pet prevalence or causation.
Read →Amphibian Ranavirus Infection: Diagnosis and Biosecurity
A clinician-focused approach to amphibian ranavirus: distinguish PCR detection from clinical disease, choose specimens and timing deliberately, integrate pathology and differentials, stabilize affected animals, and contain a suspected collection outbreak without overinterpreting wild or experimental evidence.
Read →Pet Rat Subcutaneous Masses: Sampling, Excision, and Histopathology
Map every palpable mass in a pet rat, sample when the result will change management, and submit excised tissue for histopathology. Palpation alone cannot reliably separate mammary neoplasia, other tumors, and abscessation.
Read →Velvet Disease in Ornamental Fish: Piscinoodinium, Amyloodinium, Diagnosis, and Control
A clinician-focused approach to velvet disease in ornamental fish: separate freshwater Piscinoodinium from marine or brackish Amyloodinium, prioritize gill and skin wet mounts, interpret PCR in context, and build treatment around host species and the aquatic system.
Read →Avian Iron Storage Disease: Diagnosis and Management
A clinician-focused guide to iron storage disease in birds: distinguish hemosiderosis from tissue-damaging hemochromatosis, identify susceptible species, confirm hepatic iron and pathology, and monitor diet, phlebotomy, or chelation without overextending limited evidence.
Read →Rabbit Dacryocystitis: Clinical Workup and Treatment Planning
A clinician-focused workflow for rabbits with epiphora or mucopurulent ocular discharge: localize disease, examine the cornea and oral cavity, sample and flush safely, select skull imaging, identify dental or respiratory drivers, and plan for recurrence.
Read →Monogenean Parasites in Ornamental Fish: Diagnosis and System Control
A clinical workflow for suspected monogenean infestation in ornamental fish: stabilize respiratory compromise, sample live skin and gills, distinguish major reproductive groups, treat the water system rather than one fish, and verify clearance microscopically.
Read →Avian Renal Disease: Uric Acid, Imaging, and Biopsy
A clinical workflow for suspected renal disease in companion birds: distinguish polyuria from diarrhea, localize prerenal, intrinsic, and postrenal processes, interpret uric acid and emerging biomarkers cautiously, choose imaging and tissue tests, and direct treatment at the cause.
Read →Reptile Renal Disease: Diagnosis and Clinical Management
A species-aware workflow for reptile renal disease: stabilize perfusion, separate prerenal, intrinsic, and postrenal causes, interpret uric acid and emerging biomarkers cautiously, select imaging and tissue tests, and monitor treatment response.
Read →Psittacine Atherosclerosis: Antemortem Diagnosis and Management
A clinical workflow for suspected atherosclerosis in parrots, integrating signalment, stabilization, radiography, echocardiography, CT or CTA, lipid interpretation, competing diagnoses, and the limited evidence for treatment and monitoring.
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