Veterinary Clinical Reference
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Evergreen, evidence-based hubs on the drugs, conditions, and species you manage — continuously updated and cited at every claim.
Avian Pododermatitis: Diagnosis, Staging, and Management
A clinician-focused approach to avian pododermatitis: define lesion depth, investigate loading and systemic drivers, use imaging and microbiology selectively, off-load the foot, and reassess healing rather than treating the surface alone.
Read →Avian Crop Stasis: Diagnostic Workup and Treatment Planning
A clinician-focused approach to the bird with delayed crop emptying: stabilize first, confirm the anatomic problem, separate primary crop disease from systemic causes, and tailor nutrition and treatment to the findings.
Read →Avian Coelomic Distension: Imaging, Fluid Analysis, and Differential Diagnosis
Stabilize respiratory compromise, confirm the cause of an enlarged coelom, and distinguish free fluid from reproductive material, organ enlargement, a mass, hernia, fat, or gastrointestinal distension.
Read →Psittacine Cloacal Prolapse: Workup and Surgical Management
A clinician-first workflow for prolapsed tissue at the psittacine vent: stabilize the bird, protect and identify the tissue, investigate the driver of tenesmus, select temporary or definitive repair, and address recurrence without overgeneralizing the adult-cockatoo behavioral phenotype.
Read →Avian Iron Storage Disease: Diagnosis and Management
A clinician-focused guide to iron storage disease in birds: distinguish hemosiderosis from tissue-damaging hemochromatosis, identify susceptible species, confirm hepatic iron and pathology, and monitor diet, phlebotomy, or chelation without overextending limited evidence.
Read →Avian Renal Disease: Uric Acid, Imaging, and Biopsy
A clinical workflow for suspected renal disease in companion birds: distinguish polyuria from diarrhea, localize prerenal, intrinsic, and postrenal processes, interpret uric acid and emerging biomarkers cautiously, choose imaging and tissue tests, and direct treatment at the cause.
Read →Psittacine Atherosclerosis: Antemortem Diagnosis and Management
A clinical workflow for suspected atherosclerosis in parrots, integrating signalment, stabilization, radiography, echocardiography, CT or CTA, lipid interpretation, competing diagnoses, and the limited evidence for treatment and monitoring.
Read →Avian Poxvirus Infection: Diagnosis and Outbreak Control
Clinical reference for avian poxvirus in companion and aviary birds: dry, wet, and systemic presentations; biopsy and PCR confirmation; supportive care; mosquito and fomite control; and host-specific vaccine decisions.
Read →Avian Gastric Yeast in Passerines: Diagnostic and Treatment Workflow
Macrorhabdus detection is not synonymous with clinical macrorhabdosis. This passerine-focused workflow integrates fresh fecal microscopy, qPCR, imaging, competing diagnoses, treatment, and flock-level decisions.
Read →Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD): Recognizing and Managing BFDV Circovirus in Parrots
Clinical reference for psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD): the BFDV circovirus and its environmental resistance, the immunosuppression that drives fatal secondary infection, the peracute/acute/chronic forms, the feather-and-beak dystrophy that separates it from plucking, PCR diagnosis with the 90-day retest for asymptomatic positives, supportive-only management, aviary biosecurity, and prognosis.
Read →Avian Chlamydiosis (Psittacosis) in Pet Birds: A Clinical Reference
Chlamydia psittaci is a reportable zoonosis in which clinically normal birds shed intermittently. This hub covers etiology, combined-testing diagnosis, the 45-day doxycycline protocol, and the veterinarian's public-health duties.
Read →Proventricular Dilatation Disease and Avian Bornavirus (PaBV) in Psittacines: Why Infection Is Not Disease, and the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Biosecurity Reality
Clinical reference on proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) and parrot bornavirus (PaBV) in psittacines: the crucial distinction that infection is not disease, the immune-mediated lymphoplasmacytic ganglioneuritis, the GI and neurologic presentations, why antemortem diagnosis is hard and a positive PaBV test does not confirm PDD, the contested NSAID and immunosuppressive treatment evidence, biosecurity for managing subclinical carriers, and the zoonosis question.
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