Veterinary Clinical Reference
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Evergreen, evidence-based hubs on the drugs, conditions, and species you manage — continuously updated and cited at every claim.
Antibiotic-Associated Dysbiosis and Enterotoxemia in Guinea Pigs
A prevention-first drug-safety reference on antibiotic-associated dysbiosis and clostridial enterotoxemia in guinea pigs and other hindgut fermenters: which antibiotic classes are contraindicated, which are flora-sparing, the route nuances, and how to recognize and manage iatrogenic enterotoxemia.
Read →Acquired Dental Disease in Chinchillas: Diagnosis and Treatment
Acquired dental disease is a leading cause of morbidity in pet chinchillas, driven by inadequate dietary abrasion of their continuously growing (aradicular hypsodont) incisors and cheek teeth. This clinical reference reviews the anatomy and pathophysiology, the clinical signs, why diagnosis requires skull radiographs or CT plus an oral examination under general anesthesia, and evidence-based treatment: crown reduction with a dental burr, analgesia, assisted feeding, prokinetics, and correction of the diet to unlimited grass hay.
Read →Egg Binding and Dystocia in Pet Birds: A Veterinary Clinical Reference
Egg binding (failure to pass an egg within the normal interval) and dystocia (mechanical obstruction of oviposition) are common, life-threatening emergencies in small psittacines such as cockatiels, budgerigars, and lovebirds. This reference covers definitions, hypocalcemia and husbandry risk factors, radiographic diagnosis, and the evidence-based treatment ladder from stabilization and parenteral calcium through PGE2 gel, oxytocin, ovocentesis, and salpingohysterectomy.
Read →Avian Aspergillosis in Birds: Aspergillus fumigatus Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Antifungal Treatment
A clinical reference on avian aspergillosis for veterinarians: how Aspergillus fumigatus causes opportunistic respiratory and systemic disease in psittacines, raptors, waterfowl, and penguins; why presentation is insidious; how to combine endoscopy, imaging, hematology, and serology for diagnosis; and evidence-based antifungal dosing — including the reduced itraconazole dose required in African grey parrots and voriconazole's species-specific toxicity.
Read →Inclusion Body Disease (IBD) of Boid Snakes: Reptarenavirus Infection
DVM reference on inclusion body disease of boid snakes: reptarenavirus (and hartmanivirus) etiology, boa vs python presentations, blood-smear and RT-PCR diagnosis, differentials, and quarantine, biosecurity, and euthanasia decision-making.
Read →Metabolic Bone Disease in Bearded Dragons & Reptiles: A DVM Guide
Managing nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (MBD) in bearded dragons and reptiles: diagnosis with ionized calcium and radiographs, emergency hypocalcemia treatment, calcium and vitamin D3 dosing, cautious calcitonin use, and the husbandry corrections that are the definitive fix.
Read →Reptile Anesthesia and Analgesia: DVM Protocols
Evidence-based reptile anesthesia and analgesia for DVMs: ectothermy and cardiac-shunt physiology, alfaxalone/propofol induction, IPPV, mu-opioid analgesia (butorphanol fails), Doppler/capnography monitoring, and recovery, with a cited agent/dose table.
Read →Rabbit Pasteurellosis (Snuffles): Antibiotic Selection & Treatment
DVM reference for Pasteurella multocida in rabbits: which antibiotics are rabbit-safe (enrofloxacin, TMS, chloramphenicol, azithromycin, parenteral penicillin G) versus the oral penicillins, clindamycin, and lincomycin that cause fatal enterotoxemia. Culture, clinical spectrum, and prognosis.
Read →Rabbit GI Stasis (RGIS): Emergency Workup and Treatment
A DVM's emergency guide to rabbit gastrointestinal stasis: separating functional ileus from true obstruction with imaging and blood glucose, then fluid resuscitation, analgesia, assist feeding, and evidence-based prokinetic use.
Read →Encephalitozoon cuniculi in rabbits: diagnosis & treatment
DVM guide to E. cuniculi in rabbits: IgG/IgM and CRP serology, the neurologic, renal, and phacoclastic-uveitis syndromes, the fenbendazole 20 mg/kg PO q24h x 28-day protocol, why corticosteroids are contraindicated, supportive care, prognosis, and zoonotic risk.
Read →Rabbit Analgesia and Pain Management: Evidence-Based Dosing
Evidence-based rabbit analgesia for DVMs: why meloxicam is dosed at 1 mg/kg, buprenorphine route matters (IV/IM over SC), opioid GI-motility ranking, local blocks and CRIs, multimodal protocols, and objective pain scoring with the Rabbit Grimace Scale and RPBS.
Read →Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD): Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis
DVM reference on PBFD (beak and feather disease virus, a circovirus): the peracute-to-chronic clinical spectrum, PCR on blood and feather pulp with repeat testing to separate transient from persistent infection, supportive care with no specific antiviral, biosecurity, and prognosis.
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