Veterinary Clinical Reference
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Evergreen, evidence-based hubs on the drugs, conditions, and species you manage — continuously updated and cited at every claim.
Pet Rat Subcutaneous Masses: Sampling, Excision, and Histopathology
Map every palpable mass in a pet rat, sample when the result will change management, and submit excised tissue for histopathology. Palpation alone cannot reliably separate mammary neoplasia, other tumors, and abscessation.
Read →Velvet Disease in Ornamental Fish: Piscinoodinium, Amyloodinium, Diagnosis, and Control
A clinician-focused approach to velvet disease in ornamental fish: separate freshwater Piscinoodinium from marine or brackish Amyloodinium, prioritize gill and skin wet mounts, interpret PCR in context, and build treatment around host species and the aquatic system.
Read →Avian Iron Storage Disease: Diagnosis and Management
A clinician-focused guide to iron storage disease in birds: distinguish hemosiderosis from tissue-damaging hemochromatosis, identify susceptible species, confirm hepatic iron and pathology, and monitor diet, phlebotomy, or chelation without overextending limited evidence.
Read →Rabbit Dacryocystitis: Clinical Workup and Treatment Planning
A clinician-focused workflow for rabbits with epiphora or mucopurulent ocular discharge: localize disease, examine the cornea and oral cavity, sample and flush safely, select skull imaging, identify dental or respiratory drivers, and plan for recurrence.
Read →Monogenean Parasites in Ornamental Fish: Diagnosis and System Control
A clinical workflow for suspected monogenean infestation in ornamental fish: stabilize respiratory compromise, sample live skin and gills, distinguish major reproductive groups, treat the water system rather than one fish, and verify clearance microscopically.
Read →Avian Renal Disease: Uric Acid, Imaging, and Biopsy
A clinical workflow for suspected renal disease in companion birds: distinguish polyuria from diarrhea, localize prerenal, intrinsic, and postrenal processes, interpret uric acid and emerging biomarkers cautiously, choose imaging and tissue tests, and direct treatment at the cause.
Read →Reptile Renal Disease: Diagnosis and Clinical Management
A species-aware workflow for reptile renal disease: stabilize perfusion, separate prerenal, intrinsic, and postrenal causes, interpret uric acid and emerging biomarkers cautiously, select imaging and tissue tests, and monitor treatment response.
Read →Psittacine Atherosclerosis: Antemortem Diagnosis and Management
A clinical workflow for suspected atherosclerosis in parrots, integrating signalment, stabilization, radiography, echocardiography, CT or CTA, lipid interpretation, competing diagnoses, and the limited evidence for treatment and monitoring.
Read →Avian Poxvirus Infection: Diagnosis and Outbreak Control
Clinical reference for avian poxvirus in companion and aviary birds: dry, wet, and systemic presentations; biopsy and PCR confirmation; supportive care; mosquito and fomite control; and host-specific vaccine decisions.
Read →Rat Otitis Media/Interna: Imaging and Clinical Workup
A clinician workflow for suspected middle- or inner-ear disease in companion rats: vestibular localization, respiratory assessment, skull and brain imaging, sample selection, treatment planning, and cautious interpretation of the limited 23-case evidence base.
Read →Rabbit Thymoma: Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
A clinician-focused approach to respiratory stabilization, imaging and sampling of cranial mediastinal masses, and evidence-limited decisions among surgery, radiation therapy, and palliation in rabbits with suspected thymoma.
Read →Koi Herpesvirus Disease: Diagnosis, Testing, and Outbreak Control
A clinical workflow for suspected koi herpesvirus disease in koi and common carp: recognize the gill-predominant outbreak, stabilize while sampling, interpret PCR and exposure tests by disease phase, meet reporting obligations, and counsel owners about persistent infection and population control.
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