Veterinary Clinical Reference
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Canine Spontaneous Pneumothorax: Management and CT
Stabilize canine spontaneous pneumothorax, interpret a negative CT cautiously, and discuss definitive surgery using the limits of comparative evidence.
Read →Canine Pericardial Effusion: Tamponade and Workup
Recognize tamponade, prioritize drainage, and interpret canine pericardial fluid cytology without mistaking a negative result for exclusion of cancer.
Read →Canine Pyometra: Stabilization and Surgery
Identify uterine infection without relying on discharge, stabilize systemic illness, and select surgery versus carefully supervised fertility preservation.
Read →Canine Hypoadrenocorticism: Diagnostic Testing
Use resting cortisol to exclude disease, ACTH stimulation to confirm deficiency, and endogenous ACTH to classify canine hypoadrenocorticism.
Read →Canine Anaphylaxis: Recognition and Epinephrine Escalation
Recognize systemic hypersensitivity without relying on hives, choose epinephrine route by hemodynamic status, and avoid overinterpreting gallbladder edema.
Read →Canine Eclampsia: Calcium Treatment and Monitoring
A clinician-focused approach to puerperal hypocalcemia: calcium interpretation, monitored stabilization, diagnostic alternatives, and a coordinated dam-and-litter plan.
Read →Canine Elbow Hygroma: Localization and Complicated-Lesion Workup
Separate a pressure-point fluid collection from joint or mass pathology; define sampling, offloading, and escalation before selecting a procedure.
Read →Canine Lip-Fold Intertrigo: Localization, Sampling and Workup
Separate fold-limited intertrigo from mucocutaneous pyoderma, immune-mediated disease, and oral pathology; use lesion-directed sampling and reassessment.
Read →Canine Pseudopregnancy: Mammary Swelling Diagnostic Workup
A problem-oriented workup for lactation and mammary enlargement: exclude pregnancy and uterine disease, sample inflammation, and investigate focal masses.
Read →Canine Ear Margin Dermatosis: Lesion-Directed Diagnostic Workup
Separate adherent follicular casts from pruritic, ulcerative, and ischemic pinnal disease before labeling canine ear-margin lesions an idiopathic cornification disorder.
Read →Canine Footpad Hyperkeratosis: A Lesion-Directed Diagnostic Workup
Separate primary cornification disease from inflammatory, infectious, and metabolic pedal disease using distribution, targeted sampling, histopathology, and selective genetic testing.
Read →Canine Orchitis and Epididymitis: Localization, Sampling, and Brucella Testing
Localize scrotal versus testicular disease, evaluate perfusion before assuming infection, and interpret lesion cultures and Brucella tests in their clinical and biosafety context.
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