Veterinary Clinical Reference
Look up any drug or condition.
Evergreen, evidence-based hubs on the drugs, conditions, and species you manage — continuously updated and cited at every claim.
Clonidine for Dogs: Off-Label Alpha-2 Agonist for Noise Aversion, Storm Phobia, and Situational Anxiety
Clonidine is a human alpha-2 adrenergic agonist used off-label in dogs as a short-acting, event-based adjunct for situational fear and anxiety — noise aversion, storm phobia, separation-related distress, fear reactivity, and vet-visit anxiety — layered on a daily SSRI or TCA plus behavior modification rather than run as standalone monotherapy. This hub summarizes the off-label dosing (~0.01–0.05 mg/kg PO), the limited open-label efficacy evidence, adverse effects, contraindications and interactions, and where clonidine sits relative to the FDA-approved event drug dexmedetomidine oromucosal gel (Sileo), trazodone, and gabapentin.
Read →Clomipramine (Clomicalm) for Dogs and Cats: Behavioral Dosing, Efficacy, and Safety
Clomipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant FDA-approved (Clomicalm) as an adjunct to behavior modification for canine separation anxiety, and used off-label for feline urine marking and canine/feline compulsive disorders. This hub covers species-specific dosing, the registration and compulsive-disorder RCTs, adverse effects, MAOI/serotonergic interactions, and where it sits versus fluoxetine, trazodone, and buspirone.
Read →Buspirone for Cats: Urine Spraying, Anxiety, and Off-Label Use in Feline Behavioral Medicine
Buspirone is a non-sedating azapirone (5-HT1A partial agonist) used off-label in cats, best supported for urine spraying/marking in multi-cat households and for generalized, social, and fear-based anxiety. Onset is 1–4 weeks, so it is a maintenance adjunct — not a rescue for acute situational anxiety.
Read →Trazodone for Dogs: Situational Anxiety and Post-Op Confinement Dosing
A clinical reference for prescribing trazodone in dogs: SARI mechanism, off-label status, situational and post-operative confinement dosing, onset, adverse effects, and serotonin syndrome risk with concurrent SSRIs and MAOIs.
Read →Fluoxetine (Reconcile) for Canine Behavior Disorders
Clinical reference on fluoxetine (Reconcile/Prozac) for dogs: FDA-approved separation-anxiety indication, 1-2 mg/kg dosing, 4-6 week onset, adverse effects, and the MAOI/amitraz and serotonin-syndrome interactions every prescriber must screen for.
Read →Methylxanthine (Chocolate & Caffeine) Toxicosis in Dogs
ER reference for canine methylxanthine (chocolate/caffeine) toxicosis: theobromine/caffeine MOA and kinetics, mg/kg dose thresholds, chocolate-type ranking, decontamination, and symptomatic management of tachyarrhythmia, seizures, and hyperthermia.
Read →Lily Nephrotoxicosis in Cats: AKI Emergency Reference
Any true-lily (Lilium or Hemerocallis) exposure in a cat is a nephrotoxic emergency — pollen and vase water included. Clinician reference on the unidentified toxin, proximal tubular necrosis, the biphasic timeline, early glucosuria, aggressive IV fluid diuresis, and the ~18-hour therapeutic window.
Read →Grape & Raisin Nephrotoxicosis in Dogs: AKI Management
Clinical reference on grape, raisin, and tamarind nephrotoxicosis in dogs: the idiosyncratic (no safe-dose) nature, the 2022 tartaric-acid hypothesis, the biphasic GI-then-AKI timeline, decontamination, fluid diuresis with serial renal-value monitoring, and prognosis by oliguric status.
Read →Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Toxicosis in Dogs & Cats: Antidotal Management
An evidence-based clinical reference for DVMs on acetaminophen (paracetamol) toxicosis in dogs and cats: why cats are exquisitely sensitive, species-split toxic doses, methemoglobinemia vs hepatotoxicity, and the N-acetylcysteine antidote protocol with adjuncts.
Read →Permethrin Toxicosis in Cats: Clinical Management
A clinician's reference on feline permethrin toxicosis: why cats are uniquely susceptible, the tremor-and-seizure presentation, and the supportive protocol—decontamination, methocarbamol, ILE, and thermoregulation—that gives most cats an excellent prognosis.
Read →Ethylene Glycol Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats: Clinical Management
A time-critical toxicology reference for clinicians: ethylene glycol toxicokinetics, species-specific lethal doses, the three clinical stages, early diagnosis (osmolar and anion gaps, calcium oxalate crystalluria), and the antidote race with fomepizole and ethanol dosing for dogs and cats.
Read →Anticoagulant Rodenticide Toxicosis in Dogs: Clinical Management
A DVM's clinical reference for anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis in dogs: mechanism, delayed 3-5 day presentation, PT as the earliest marker, vitamin K1 antidotal dosing and duration by generation, plasma for active bleeding, and the recheck-PT-after-stopping rule.
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